“Substance Use” vs. “Abuse:” The Impact of Language

How Can We Address Stigmatizing Language and Labels?

We see how stigmatizing words for addiction can create barriers to recovery by promoting shame, and isolation, and discouraging people from seeking help. Luckily, we get to choose the words we use. And as such, we have the power to dismantle the negative impact of stigmatizing language and labels.

One of the most powerful ways to do this is by using person-first language.⁷

Promote Person-First Language

Person-first language⁸ “shows that a person ‘has’ a problem, rather than ‘is’ the problem.” Terms like “addict” and “alcoholic” define people by their condition rather than acknowledging their full humanity. Person-first language can help reduce the “punitive attitudes and individual blame” caused by using terms like “addict.”  

In their guide on how to talk about addiction,⁹ the APA recommends naming the person first, and the condition second:

Person-first language prioritizes the individual and avoids defining them solely by their addiction. Terms like ‘person with a substance use disorder’ or ‘someone in recovery’ acknowledge the person’s identity beyond their struggle. This approach fosters respect and dignity, promoting a more inclusive environment where individuals feel comfortable seeking help.

Educate Yourself and Others

The first step toward positive change is exactly what you’re doing now: educating yourself about the harmful effects of stigma.¹⁰ These labels fail to capture the complexity of SUDs and instead reduce people’s identity to their addiction. Learn the difference between substance use vs. abuse, addiction, and dependence. Share this knowledge with those around you and be a part of open and honest conversations about addiction.

Lead by Example and Challenge Stigma When You Hear It

Be mindful of your own word choices when discussing substance use, and don’t shy away from challenging stigma when you encounter it. You can do so respectfully and offer a more compassionate alternative. For example, if someone says, “He’s such a drunk,” you could gently suggest, “He’s struggling with alcohol use disorder right now.” Actions as simple as gently correcting terminology can work to raise awareness and promote a more understanding dialogue around addiction.

Focus on Recovery Efforts

When discussing addiction, highlight the positive aspects of recovery. Uplift stories of people who are overcoming their struggles and are living fulfilling lives. This focus on hope in recovery can inspire others to seek help and debunk the myth of addiction as a dead-end situation.

Advocate for Change

Support organizations and initiatives working to reduce stigma surrounding addiction. This could involve volunteering, raising awareness on social media, or even contacting your local representatives to advocate for policies that support recovery efforts.

By taking these steps, we can break down the walls built by stigmatizing language and create a more inclusive environment where people with SUDs feel empowered to seek help and improve their lives.

Non-Stigmatizing Language to Use Instead

Here are some terms to guide you toward more inclusive terminology (based on the APA’s inclusive language guide):¹¹

Simple tips to keep in mind:

• Focus on the person, not the addiction. 
• Be respectful and avoid judgmental language.
• Use neutral terms to describe substance use and recovery efforts.
• Focus on hope and success. 

Words matter. Stigmatizing language can feed into misconceptions around addiction and can significantly impact those seeking help. Thankfully, we also have the power to change that. By being mindful of the terms we use and continuing to learn as language evolves, we can create a supportive environment where people feel empowered to get the addiction help they need.

Frequently Asked Questions About “Substance Use” vs. “Abuse”

What is the difference between substance use & substance abuse?

Substance use is simply using a substance, such as alcohol or drugs. Substance abuse is when a person uses a substance in a way that causes problems in their life, such as issues with their health, relationships, or work. However, behavioral health professionals now recommend using terms like “substance use” or “person with a substance use disorder” instead of “substance abuse.”

What’s the best way to talk about substance use?

Use person-first language, such as “person with a substance use disorder” instead of “addict.” Focus on the person, not the addiction, and avoid blaming or judgmental language.

How can I help reduce the stigma surrounding addiction?

Educate yourself and others about the dangers of using stigmatizing terms. Promote person-first language and challenge stigma when you hear it. Share stories of empowerment through addiction recovery to inspire hope.